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This article discusses the discovery of phosphorescent lithopone on watercolor drawings by American artist John La Farge dated between 1890 and 1905 and the history of lithopone in the pigment industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Despite having many desirable qualities for use in white watercolor or oil paints, the development of lithopone as an artists' pigment was hampered by its tendency to darken in sunlight. Its availability to, and adoption by, artists remain unclear, as colormen's trade catalogs were generally not explicit in describing white pigments as containing lithopone. Further, lithopone may be mistaken for lead white during visual examination and its short-lived phosphorescence can be easily missed by the uninformed observer. Phosphorescent lithopone has been documented on only one other work-to-date: a watercolor by Van Gogh. In addition to the history of lithopone's manufacture, the article details the mechanism for its phosphorescence and its identification aided by Raman spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry.

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Another notable supplier is Tronox, a global leader in the mining and inorganic chemicals industry. Their food-grade anatase TiO2, marketed as Tronox Alkali Process, is known for its purity, stability, and consistent performance Their food-grade anatase TiO2, marketed as Tronox Alkali Process, is known for its purity, stability, and consistent performance Their food-grade anatase TiO2, marketed as Tronox Alkali Process, is known for its purity, stability, and consistent performance Their food-grade anatase TiO2, marketed as Tronox Alkali Process, is known for its purity, stability, and consistent performanceanatase titanium dioxide food grade suppliers. They prioritize sustainability and eco-friendly practices in their production process.

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In conclusion, the production of titanium dioxide is a complex and multi-step process that requires careful control of various parameters. Despite the challenges, the demand for this versatile pigment continues to grow, driven by its widespread applications and the increasing demand for environmentally friendly products. As technology advances and environmental concerns grow, the titanium dioxide industry will continue to evolve, seeking new ways to meet the demands of a changing world.

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TiO2 pigment factories adhere to strict quality control measures to ensure that the pigment produced meets the required specifications and standards. The pigment undergoes rigorous testing at every stage of production to ensure its purity, color consistency, and other physical properties. This ensures that the TiO2 pigment produced by these factories is of the highest quality and suitable for various applications This ensures that the TiO2 pigment produced by these factories is of the highest quality and suitable for various applications This ensures that the TiO2 pigment produced by these factories is of the highest quality and suitable for various applications This ensures that the TiO2 pigment produced by these factories is of the highest quality and suitable for various applicationsti02 pigment factories.

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As they mimic the synapses in biological neurons, memristors became the key component for designing novel types of computing and information systems based on artificial neural networks, the so-called neuromorphic electronics (Zidan, 2018Wang and Zhuge, 2019Zhang et al., 2019b). Electronic artificial neurons with synaptic memristors are capable of emulating the associative memory, an important function of the brain (Pershin and Di Ventra, 2010). In addition, the technological simplicity of thin-film memristors based on transition metal oxides such as TiO2 allows their integration into electronic circuits with extremely high packing density. Memristor crossbars are technologically compatible with traditional integrated circuits, whose integration can be implemented within the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor platform using nanoimprint lithography (Xia et al., 2009). Nowadays, the size of a Pt-TiOx-HfO2-Pt memristor crossbar can be as small as 2 nm (Pi et al., 2019). Thus, the inherent properties of memristors such as non-volatile resistive memory and synaptic plasticity, along with feasibly high integration density, are at the forefront of the new-type hardware performance of cognitive tasks, such as image recognition (Yao et al., 2017). The current state of the art, prospects, and challenges in the new brain-inspired computing concepts with memristive implementation have been comprehensively reviewed in topical papers (Jeong et al., 2016Xia and Yang, 2019Zhang et al., 2020). These reviews postulate that the newly emerging computing paradigm is still in its infancy, while the rapid development and current challenges in this field are related to the technological and materials aspects. The major concerns are the lack of understanding of the microscopic picture and the mechanisms of switching, as well as the unproven reliability of memristor materials. The choice of memristive materials as well as the methods of synthesis and fabrication affect the properties of memristive devices, including the amplitude of resistive switching, endurance, stochasticity, and data retention time.

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